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1833–1899

Robert Green Ingersoll The Great Agnostic

“The time to be happy is now. The place to be happy is here. The way to be happy is to make others so.”

Robert G. Ingersoll What Must We Do to Be Saved? 1882
Colonel · Attorney General · Orator
Robert G. Ingersoll, portrait by Mathew Brady, c. 1865–1880

Robert G. Ingersoll

Photograph by Mathew Benjamin Brady (1822–1896), c. 1865–1880.

Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Brady-Handy Photograph Collection. Call number LC-BH832-31186.

Described by the Library as “Ingersoll, Robert (The Infidel)”. No known copyright restrictions; the work is in the U.S. public domain.

Sources: Wikimedia Commons · Library of Congress

A voice for reason in an age of orthodoxy.

Robert Green Ingersoll was the most celebrated orator of the Gilded Age, a lawyer, Civil War colonel, political leader, and America's foremost champion of freethought, reason, and human liberty.

In an era of rigid religious orthodoxy, Ingersoll stood before thousands to proclaim the dignity of the doubter, the beauty of honest inquiry, and the moral imperative of intellectual freedom. He packed the largest halls in America, not with revivals or politics, but with lectures on science, secularism, and the rights of the human mind.

His complete works, collected posthumously in the twelve-volume Dresden Edition, remain among the most passionate defenses of freethought in the English language.

66Years of Life
12Dresden Volumes
177Works Available
1833Born Dresden, NY

From Dresden, New York to Dresden the Edition

Ingersoll packed courts, lecture halls, and political rallies from the Illinois frontier to Washington, D.C., and, in 1878, as far as Ayr, London, and Paris. Every pin on the map is a specific recorded event or work from his life.

Tiles © OpenStreetMap. Rendered with Leaflet.

His Most Celebrated Works

From piercing lectures on religion to passionate defenses of human freedom, a selection of Ingersoll's greatest writings.

Vol. 11877Lecture

About Farming in Illinois

A warm, practical lecture to the farmers of Illinois on work, home, freedom, and the partnership between honest labor and intelligence.

Vol. 11874Lecture

Heretics and Heresies

Ingersoll's 1874 lecture on the long war between intellectual freedom and religious orthodoxy — and the heretics who dared stand against it.

Vol. 11869Lecture

Humboldt

Delivered at the Humboldt centennial in 1869 — a tribute to the great naturalist that marked the beginning of Ingersoll's public freethought career.

Vol. 11873Lecture

Individuality

A ringing defense of mental independence — the right and duty of every human being to think, doubt, and speak their own honest mind against custom…

Vol. 11877Lecture

The Ghosts

An examination of how fear of the unseen built the world's religions — and how science, step by step, is banishing those ghosts from the human…

Vol. 11872Lecture

The Gods

Ingersoll's landmark 1872 lecture attacking the gods fashioned by man after his own fears and ambitions — and calling for a morality built on reason…

View All Works
Give me the storm and tempest of thought and action, rather than the dead calm of ignorance and faith. — Robert G. Ingersoll, Heretics and Heresies (1874)

Connected to the great minds of his age

Ingersoll moved among presidents, poets, scientists, and reformers, a man at the center of American intellectual life.

Abraham Lincoln

1809–1865

Political Hero & Intellectual Inspiration

Mark Twain

1835–1910

Close Friend & Fellow Freethinker

Walt Whitman

1819–1892

Poet & Admirer

Frederick Douglass

1818–1895

Fellow Champion of Human Liberty

Explore His Connections

Essays & Commentary

Reflections on Ingersoll's ideas, his legacy, and the enduring relevance of freethought.

  • freethought
  • legacy

The Enduring Relevance of Robert Ingersoll

More than a century after his death, the Great Agnostic's arguments for reason, liberty, and human dignity feel not like history but like dispatches from the…

  • science
  • reason
  • darwin

Ingersoll and the Scientific Spirit

Long before science communication became a profession, Ingersoll was translating the discoveries of Darwin, Huxley, and Tyndall into language that could reach…

All Essays

“In nature there are neither rewards nor punishments — there are consequences.”

— Robert G. Ingersoll, Some Reasons Why (1881)
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