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What is the Dresden Edition?

The Dresden Edition is the canonical posthumous collection of Ingersoll's writings — twelve octavo volumes published in New York between 1900 and 1902 by C. P. Farrell, his son-in-law and longtime publisher. It takes its name from Dresden, New York, the village on Seneca Lake where Ingersoll was born in 1833.

The edition gathers everything Ingersoll wrote, dictated, or delivered that survived him: early lectures recovered from local newspapers, his celebrated stump speeches, the religious debates with Gladstone and Manning, courtroom arguments transcribed by stenographers, more than a hundred newspaper interviews, and the funeral orations.

Volumes I–IV collect the lectures. V holds the long discussions; VI, the formal debates; VII, the replies to clergy and critics; VIII, the interviews. IX is the political career in twenty speeches. X is the courtroom. XI and XII are the miscellany — essays, tributes, fragments, after-dinner remarks, the unfinished work.

Every word here is in the public domain. I've reproduced all twelve volumes from the Project Gutenberg e-text and am working through the corpus to confirm each work against the printed Dresden source. Read, copy, quote, and redistribute freely.

For Farrell's own words, see the Publisher's Preface from Volume I; for a modern note on what the canon includes and what it leaves out, see my Editor's Introduction.

The corpus by the numbers

  • 177 Works in full Every piece in the canon, transcribed and verified.
  • 12 Octavo volumes As published by C. P. Farrell, 1900–1902.
  • 1,528K Words in the canon 1,528,081 words across the twelve volumes.
  • 113 hrs Estimated read time 113h 11m of unhurried reading at 225 wpm.
  • 38 Years of writing 1860 to 1899, almost his entire adult life.
  • 10 Recurring forms Lecture, essay, reply, interview, oration, tribute, and more.

Six ways into the corpus

Where you start changes what you find. Pick the entry point that fits.

The Twelve Volumes

Farrell's order is editorial, not chronological — he grouped works by form. Each volume is its own door into the canon.

  1. Volume I

    Lectures — Early

    Nine early lectures (1869–1880). The Gods, Humboldt, Thomas Paine, Heretics and Heresies, The Ghosts, Individuality, The Liberty of Man…

    9 works1869–1880
  2. Volume II

    Lectures — Religion

    Four lectures on religion (1879–1885). Some Mistakes of Moses, Some Reasons Why, Orthodoxy, Myth and Miracle.

    4 works1879–1885
  3. Volume III

    Lectures & Tributes

    Eight lectures and tributes (1872–1894). Shakespeare, Robert Burns, Abraham Lincoln, Voltaire, Liberty in Literature (Whitman), The Great…

    8 works1878–1894
  4. Volume IV

    Lectures — Later

    Ten later lectures and essays (1860–1899). Why I Am an Agnostic, The Truth, How to Reform Mankind, The Foundations of Faith, Superstition…

    10 works1860–1899
  5. Volume V

    Discussions

    Three major discussions. Six Interviews on Talmage, The Talmagian Catechism, A Vindication of Thomas Paine.

    3 works1877–1882
  6. Volume VI

    Debates

    Seven set-piece debates with Jeremiah S. Black, Henry M. Field, William E. Gladstone, Cardinal Manning, Bishop Spalding, Lyman Abbott, and…

    7 works1881–1890
  7. Volume VII

    Replies

    Thirteen replies to critics. My Reviewers Reviewed, My Chicago Bible Class, The Brooklyn Divines, The Limitations of Toleration, A…

    13 works1877–1898
  8. Volume VIII

    Interviews

    Over one hundred newspaper interviews (1878–1899) on religion, politics, literature, the courts, labor, and the day's events.

    1 work1899
  9. Volume IX

    Political Speeches

    Twenty political speeches (1866–1896). The Plumed Knight, Centennial Oration, Hard Times and the Way Out, Decoration Day addresses, the…

    20 works1866–1896
  10. Volume X

    Legal Arguments

    Six legal arguments. The Munn Trial, both Star Route trials, the Davis Will case, and the Russell case, Ingersoll's last public appearance.

    6 works1876–1899
  11. Volume XI

    Essays & Miscellany

    Forty-four essays and shorter pieces. Trial of C. B. Reynolds for Blasphemy, God in the Constitution, Crimes Against Criminals, The Jews…

    43 works1879–1899
  12. Volume XII

    Miscellany & Tributes

    Fifty-five miscellany pieces: Modern Thinkers, after-dinner speeches, Sabbath Superstition, the unfinished Jesus Christ, Life, and memorial…

    53 works1878–1899

A topic map of the canon

The corpus as a force-directed graph: eleven topic hubs, 177 work satellites. Drag to explore, filter by theme or time, click any node to open it. The full interactive map lives on its own page.

Open the Topic Map

Ten recurring forms

Ingersoll wrote in many registers — public lecture, magazine reply, courtroom summation, after-dinner remark — and each has its own conventions. Filter the index below by category to read one form at a time.

All 177 works

The full canon, organized by volume and filterable by category, decade, or keyword. Every entry links to the work itself.

Showing all 177 works

Lectures — Early

Nine early lectures (1869–1880). The Gods, Humboldt, Thomas Paine, Heretics and Heresies, The Ghosts, Individuality, The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child, About Farming in Illinois, What Must We Do To Be Saved?

Open Volume I
 
WorkCategoryYear
About Farming in Illinois To Plow is to Pray — to Plant is to Prophesy, and the Harvest Answers and Fulfills.Lecture1877
Heretics and Heresies Liberty, a Word without which all other Words are VainLecture1874
Humboldt The Universe is Governed by LawLecture1869
Individuality "His Soul was like a Star and dwelt apart."Lecture1873
The Ghosts Let them cover their eyeless sockets with their fleshless hands and fade forever from the imagination of men.Lecture1877
The Gods An Honest God is the Noblest Work of ManLecture1872
The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child Liberty sustains the same Relation to Mind that Space does to Matter.Lecture1877
Thomas Paine With His Name Left Out, the History of Liberty Cannot be WrittenLecture1870
What Must We Do To Be Saved? A close reading of the four gospels.Lecture1880

Lectures — Religion

Four lectures on religion (1879–1885). Some Mistakes of Moses, Some Reasons Why, Orthodoxy, Myth and Miracle.

Open Volume II
 
WorkCategoryYear
Myth and Miracle Happiness is the true end and aim of life.Lecture1885
Orthodoxy A lecture.Lecture1884
Some Mistakes of Moses He who endeavors to control the mind by force is a tyrant, and he who submits is a slave.Lecture1879
Some Reasons Why Why religion makes enemies, why inspiration is a fiction, and why the morality of the heathen exceeded that of the prophets.Lecture1881

Lectures & Tributes

Eight lectures and tributes (1872–1894). Shakespeare, Robert Burns, Abraham Lincoln, Voltaire, Liberty in Literature (Whitman), The Great Infidels, Which Way?, About the Holy Bible.

Open Volume III
 
WorkCategoryYear
About the Holy Bible Somebody ought to tell the truth about the Bible.Essay1894
Abraham Lincoln The grandest figure of the fiercest civil war.Tribute1894
Liberty in Literature A Testimonial to Walt Whitman.Tribute1890
Robert Burns The peasant poet of Scotland.Tribute1878
Shakespeare The greatest genius of our world.Tribute1891
The Great Infidels The Infidels of one age have been the aureoled saints of the next.Lecture1881
Voltaire The infidels of one age have often been the aureoled saints of the next.Tribute1894
Which Way? The natural and the supernatural.Lecture1884

Lectures — Later

Ten later lectures and essays (1860–1899). Why I Am an Agnostic, The Truth, How to Reform Mankind, The Foundations of Faith, Superstition, The Devil, Progress, What Is Religion?

Open Volume IV
 
WorkCategoryYear
A Lay Sermon Delivered before the American Secular Union.Address1885
A Thanksgiving Sermon Many ages ago our fathers were living in dens and caves.Address1897
How to Reform Mankind There is no darkness but ignorance.Address1896
Progress Ingersoll's earliest surviving lecture (1860).Lecture1860
Superstition To believe in spite of evidence or without evidence.Lecture1898
The Devil If the Devil should die would God make another?Lecture1899
The Foundations of Faith A systematic examination of the creed.Essay1895
The Truth Through millions of ages man slowly developed his brain.Lecture1897
What Is Religion? Ingersoll's last public address.Address1899
Why I Am an Agnostic For the most part we inherit our opinions.Lecture1896

Discussions

Three major discussions. Six Interviews on Talmage, The Talmagian Catechism, A Vindication of Thomas Paine.

Open Volume V
 
WorkCategoryYear
A Vindication of Thomas Paine Reply to the New York Observer.Discussion1877
Six Interviews on Talmage A reply to the Reverend Thomas De Witt Talmage of Brooklyn.Discussion1882
The Talmagian Catechism A shorter catechism, drawn from the sermons of Mr. Talmage.Discussion1882

Debates

Seven set-piece debates with Jeremiah S. Black, Henry M. Field, William E. Gladstone, Cardinal Manning, Bishop Spalding, Lyman Abbott, and Archdeacon Farrar.

Open Volume VI
 
WorkCategoryYear
Divorce Replies to Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Potter, and others.Discussion1889
Reply to Archdeacon Farrar "A Few Words on Col. Ingersoll" answered.Discussion1890
Reply to Dr. Lyman Abbott An answer to "Flaws in Ingersollism."Discussion1890
Rome or Reason A reply to Cardinal Manning.Discussion1888
The Christian Religion A discussion with Jeremiah S. Black.Discussion1881
The Field–Ingersoll Discussion Faith or Agnosticism.Discussion1887
The Ingersoll–Gladstone Controversy Colonel Ingersoll on Christianity.Discussion1888

Replies

Thirteen replies to critics. My Reviewers Reviewed, My Chicago Bible Class, The Brooklyn Divines, The Limitations of Toleration, A Christmas Sermon, and more.

Open Volume VII
 
WorkCategoryYear
A Christmas Sermon Published in the Evening Telegram, December 19, 1891.Essay1891
A Reply to Rev. Drs. Thomas and Lorimer McVicker's Theatre, Chicago, Nov. 26, 1882.Reply1882
A Reply to Rev. John Hall and Warner Van Norden On hungry cloakmakers and the Christianity of capital.Reply1894
A Reply to the Cincinnati Gazette and Catholic Telegraph An interview in the Cincinnati Gazette, 1878.Reply1878
A Reply to the New York Clergy on Superstition New York Journal, 1898.Reply1898
A Reply to the Rev. Dr. Plumb Boston, 1898.Reply1898
Interview on Chief Justice Comegys On the Delaware blasphemy indictment.Reply1881
My Chicago Bible Class A reply published in the Chicago Times, 1879.Reply1879
My Reviewers Reviewed A reply to the clergymen of San Francisco.Reply1877
Suicide of Judge Normile Reply to the Western Watchman.Reply1892
The Brooklyn Divines Replies to clergy interviewed by the Brooklyn Union.Reply1883
The Limitations of Toleration Debate before the Nineteenth Century Club, New York, 1888.Discussion1888
To the Indianapolis Clergy Answers to the ministers of Indianapolis.Reply1883

Interviews

Over one hundred newspaper interviews (1878–1899) on religion, politics, literature, the courts, labor, and the day's events.

Open Volume VIII
 
WorkCategoryYear
Interviews More than one hundred newspaper interviews, 1878–1899.Interviews1899

Political Speeches

Twenty political speeches (1866–1896). The Plumed Knight, Centennial Oration, Hard Times and the Way Out, Decoration Day addresses, the Chicago and New York Gold Speech.

Open Volume IX
 
WorkCategoryYear
Address to the 86th Illinois Regiment Peoria, Illinois, 1866.Political1866
An Address to the Colored People Galesburg, Illinois, 1867.Political1867
Bangor Speech Bangor, Maine, 1876.Political1876
Brooklyn Speech Brooklyn Academy of Music, introduced by Henry Ward Beecher.Political1880
Centennial Oration Peoria, Illinois, July 4, 1876.Political1876
Chicago Speech Exposition Building, Chicago, 1876.Political1876
Cooper Union Speech Cooper Union, New York, 1876.Political1876
Decoration Day Address Metropolitan Opera House, New York.Political1888
Decoration Day Oration Academy of Music, New York — GAR Memorial Celebration.Political1882
Eight to Seven Address On the Electoral Commission, Tremont Temple, Boston.Political1877
Hard Times and the Way Out Boston, October 20, 1878.Political1878
Indianapolis Speech (1876) The Journal, Indianapolis, September 21, 1876.Political1876
Ratification Speech Harrison and Morton — Metropolitan Opera House, June 29, 1888.Political1888
Reunion Address Elmwood Reunion of Six Regiments.Political1887
Speech at Cincinnati The Republican National Convention, 1876.Political1876
Speech at Indianapolis (1868) Attorney-General of Illinois, Rink, Indianapolis.Political1868
Suffrage Address Washington, D.C., January 24, 1880.Political1880
The Chicago and New York Gold Speech On the monetary question, 1896.Political1896
The Plumed Knight Speech nominating James G. Blaine, June 15, 1876.Political1876
Wall Street Speech Sub-Treasury steps, Wall Street, New York.Political1880

Legal Arguments

Six legal arguments. The Munn Trial, both Star Route trials, the Davis Will case, and the Russell case, Ingersoll's last public appearance.

Open Volume X
 
WorkCategoryYear
Address to the Jury in the Davis Will Case New York, 1883.Legal1883
Address to the Jury in the Munn Trial The United States vs. Daniel W. Munn — Chicago whiskey conspiracy, 1876.Legal1876
Argument Before the Vice-Chancellor in the Russell Case Russell vs. Russell, Camden, N.J., June 21, 1899.Legal1899
Closing Address — First Star Route Trial Washington, D.C., 1882.Legal1882
Closing Address — Second Star Route Trial Washington, D.C., 1883.Legal1883
Opening Address — Second Star Route Trial Washington, D.C., December 21, 1882.Legal1882

Essays & Miscellany

Forty-four essays and shorter pieces. Trial of C. B. Reynolds for Blasphemy, God in the Constitution, Crimes Against Criminals, The Jews, Crumbling Creeds, Huxley and Agnosticism.

Open Volume XI
 
WorkCategoryYear
A Few Reasons for Doubting the Inspiration of the Bible Essay.Essay1891
A Look Backward and a Prophecy Ingersoll's last essay.Essay1899
A Reply to Bishop Spalding On God in the Constitution.Essay1890
A Wooden God On the deification of the Bible.Essay1879
A Word About Education Essay.Essay1891
A Young Man's Chances To-Day Essay.Essay1896
Address on the Civil Rights Act Lincoln Hall, Washington, October 22, 1883.Address1883
An Essay on Christmas Essay.Essay1892
Art and Morality Essay.Essay1888
Crimes Against Criminals State Bar Association, Albany, N.Y., January 1, 1890.Essay1890
Cruelty in the Elmira Reformatory On the treatment of prisoners.Essay1894
Crumbling Creeds On the quiet collapse of orthodoxy.Essay1893
Eight Hours Must Come On the eight-hour working day.Essay1890
Ernest Renan A tribute on the death of the historian of the life of Jesus.Tribute1892
Fool Friends On the well-meaning enemies of the cause.Essay1887
God in the Constitution Against the proposed "Christian nation" amendment.Essay1890
Governor Rollins' Fast-Day Proclamation Reply to the Governor of New Hampshire.Reply1898
How to Edit a Liberal Paper Essay.Essay1884
Huxley and Agnosticism On Thomas Henry Huxley and the coinage of the word.Essay1889
Inspiration Essay.Essay1887
Law's Delay On the slowness of American justice.Essay1897
Our Schools On the public school system.Essay1893
Political Morality Essay.Essay1899
Rev. Dr. Newton's Sermon on a New Religion Reply to a sermon.Reply1886
Science and Sentiment Including "Sowing and Reaping."Essay1895
Secularism Essay.Essay1887
Some Interrogation Points Questions for the clergy.Essay1885
Spirituality What the word really means.Essay1889
Sumter's Gun On the Civil War and its consequences.Essay1893
The Agnostic Christmas On keeping Christmas without the supernatural.Essay1892
The Bigotry of Colleges On sectarianism in higher education.Essay1897
The Census Enumerator's Official Catechism Satire.Essay1890
The Divided Household of Faith Essay.Essay1888
The Improved Man Essay.Essay1890
The Jews Against anti-Semitism.Essay1890
The Libel Laws Essay.Essay1887
The Three Philanthropists Three sketches of the good man.Essay1890
The Truth of History Including "Conversion of the Arch Atheist."Essay1887
Thomas Paine (Magazine Article) A magazine article.Tribute1892
Trial of C. B. Reynolds for Blasphemy Address to the Jury, Morristown, New Jersey, 1887.Legal1887
Vivisection Against cruelty to animals in the name of science.Essay1893
What I Want for Christmas A Christmas essay.Essay1891
What Infidels Have Done On the infidels' share in the world's progress.Essay1892

Miscellany & Tributes

Fifty-five miscellany pieces: Modern Thinkers, after-dinner speeches, Sabbath Superstition, the unfinished Jesus Christ, Life, and memorial tributes to Ebon, Whitman, Conkling, Beecher, and more.

Open Volume XII
 
WorkCategoryYear
A Few Fragments on Expansion On American territorial expansion.Essay1898
A Tribute to Anton Seidl Memorial tribute to the conductor.Tribute1898
A Tribute to Courtlandt Palmer Memorial tribute to the founder of the Nineteenth Century Club.Tribute1888
A Tribute to Dr. Thomas Seton Robertson Memorial tribute.Tribute1898
A Tribute to Ebon C. Ingersoll Washington, D.C., May 31, 1879.Tribute1879
A Tribute to Elizur Wright Memorial tribute.Tribute1885
A Tribute to George Jacob Holyoake English freethinker and coiner of the word "secularism."Tribute1884
A Tribute to Henry Ward Beecher Memorial tribute to the great American preacher.Tribute1887
A Tribute to Horace Seaver Memorial tribute to the editor of the Boston Investigator.Tribute1889
A Tribute to Isaac H. Bailey Memorial tribute.Tribute1898
A Tribute to John G. Mills Grave-side tribute.Tribute1884
A Tribute to Lawrence Barrett Memorial tribute to the actor.Tribute1891
A Tribute to Mrs. Ida Whiting Knowles Memorial tribute.Tribute1886
A Tribute to Mrs. Mary H. Fiske Memorial tribute.Tribute1888
A Tribute to Philo D. Beckwith Memorial tribute.Tribute1892
A Tribute to Richard H. Whiting Memorial tribute.Tribute1888
A Tribute to Roscoe Conkling Memorial address to the New York legislature, May 9, 1888.Tribute1888
A Tribute to the Rev. Alexander Clark Grave-side tribute.Tribute1879
A Tribute to Thomas Corwin Memorial tribute.Tribute1897
A Tribute to Walt Whitman Grave-side address at Whitman's burial, Camden, N.J., March 30, 1892.Tribute1892
Address to the Actors' Fund of America New York, June 5, 1888.Address1888
Address to the Press Club New Orleans, February 1, 1898.Address1898
At a Child's Grave Washington, D.C., January 8, 1882.Tribute1882
At the Grave of Benjamin W. Parker Grave-side tribute.Tribute1895
Convention of the American Secular Union Albany, N.Y., September 13, 1885 — presidential address.Address1885
Convention of the National Liberal League Cincinnati, September 14, 1878.Address1878
Death of the Aged Letter of condolence.Tribute1892
Effect of the World's Fair on the Human Race On the 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition.Essay1893
Fragments Short letters, fragments, and occasional pieces.Essay1895
General Grant's Birthday Dinner Tribute to Ulysses S. Grant.After-Dinner1890
Jesus Christ An unfinished lecture, begun a few days before Ingersoll's death.Lecture1899
Life New York Dramatic Mirror, December 18, 1886.Essay1886
Lotos Club Dinner — Twentieth Anniversary New York literary and theatrical club.After-Dinner1890
Lotos Club Dinner in Honor of Anton Seidl After-dinner tribute to the conductor.After-Dinner1893
Lotos Club Dinner in Honor of Rear Admiral Schley After-dinner tribute to the hero of Santiago.After-Dinner1898
Manhattan Athletic Club Dinner After-dinner speech.After-Dinner1890
Organized Charities Essay.Essay1897
Our New Possessions On Cuba, the Philippines, and the territorial gains of 1898.Essay1898
Prof. Van Buren Denslow's "Modern Thinkers" Introduction to Denslow's biographical study of Swedenborg, Adam Smith, Bentham, Paine, Fourier, Comte, Haeckel, and Spencer.Essay1880
Professor Briggs On the Presbyterian heresy trial of Charles A. Briggs.Essay1893
Robson and Crane Dinner In honor of the actors Stuart Robson and William H. Crane.After-Dinner1889
Sabbath Superstition On the Sunday laws.Essay1894
Spain and the Spaniards On the Spanish-American War.Essay1898
The Children of the Stage On the stage and its people.Address1888
The Circulation of Obscene Literature Defense in the Bennett-Comstock prosecution.Address1879
The Frank B. Carpenter Dinner Tribute to the painter Frank B. Carpenter.After-Dinner1892
The Grant Banquet Twelfth toast, Chicago, November 13, 1879.After-Dinner1879
The Liederkranz Club Seidl-Stanton Banquet In honor of Anton Seidl and Theodore Stanton.After-Dinner1891
The Police Captains' Dinner After-dinner speech.After-Dinner1890
The Religious Belief of Abraham Lincoln Letter to Mr. Seip, New York, May 28, 1896.Essay1896
Thirteen Club Dinner On the superstitions of public men.After-Dinner1887
Unitarian Club Dinner After-dinner address.After-Dinner1891
Western Society of the Army of the Potomac Banquet Civil War veterans reunion.After-Dinner1892

How to cite, where to find more

The original edition

The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, ed. Clinton P. Farrell, 12 vols. (New York: C. P. Farrell, 1900–1902). Octavo. Bound in maroon cloth with gilt lettering. The 1902 reissue is the standard reference.

Original page images and unedited transcriptions are available at the Internet Archive and Project Gutenberg.

How to cite this site

Cite the original Dresden Edition as the primary source for Ingersoll's writings. This site may be used as a convenient digital edition. A specimen citation in MLA form:

Ingersoll, Robert G. Why I Am an Agnostic. 1896.
The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll, edited by
Clinton P. Farrell, vol. 4, C. P. Farrell, 1900,
pp. 5–67. The Great Agnostic,
thegreatagnostic.com/works/why-i-am-an-agnostic/.

Transcription standards

Spelling, capitalization, and Ingersoll's idiosyncratic punctuation are preserved as printed. Obvious typesetting errors are corrected silently. Editorial interpolations are bracketed. Footnotes are retained in numbered form. Page-break artifacts (running heads, signature marks) are removed.

Spotted an error? Send a correction — I verify every report against the printed Dresden source and update promptly.

Public domain notice

Ingersoll died in 1899. All of his writings are in the public domain in the United States and worldwide. You may read, quote, copy, redistribute, translate, adapt, and remix them, without permission and without restriction.

The editorial and design work on this site is made available under the same spirit, with attribution appreciated but not required.

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